Acknowledgements
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable.
Key: U = Unit, S = Starter.
Communication Worksheets
Photography
The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
U1: track5/E+; Caiaimage/Rob Daly/Caiaimage; U2: Pobytov/DigitalVision Vectors; Pobytov/E+; U3: terex/iStock/Getty Images Plus; TopVectors/iStock/Getty Images Plus; skodonnell/E+; TS Photography/Photographer's Choice; AGF/Universal Images Group; U4: george tsartsianidis/iStock/Getty Images Plus; LegART/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Ulrike Koeb/StockFood Creative; Vesna Jovanovic/EyeEm; Dorling Kindersley: Dave King/Dorling Kindersley; U5: Liu Liqun/Corbis Documentary; Keren Su/Lonely Planet Images; U6: amphotora/E+; U8: Prathan Chorruangsak/EyeEm; Tetra Images.
Grammar Worksheets
Photography
The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
SU: Ryan McVay/The Image Bank; U1: epicurean/E+; U2: Cheremuha/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U3: 101dalmatians/E+; Alistair Berg/DigitalVision; U4: Hero Images; U5: Rob Daly/Caiaimage; U6: Scharfsinn86/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U7: PeopleImages/E+; U8: Vesnaandjic/E+; U9: Pierre-Yves Babelon/Moment.
Literature Worksheets
Lisbeth Hjort/Cultura/Getty Images.
Project Templates
Key: Int = Intro.
Photography
The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
Int: Hero Images; monkeybusinessimages/iStock; code6d/E+; ilyast/DigitalVision Vectors; LuckyBusiness/iStock; RobinOlimb/DigitalVision Vectors; RaStudio/iStock; Wavebreakmedia/iStock; snapshot from Collaborate Student’s Book 3 page 57; snapshot from Collaborate Student’s Book 2 pages 106, 107 and 137.
The following photograph is sourced from another library.
Int: Kirby Wu.
Cover design: Chefer.
Cover illustration: Andrés Martínez.
Vocabulary Worksheets
Photography
The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
Basic- SU: Larry Williams & Associates/The Image Bank; SensorSpot/E+; Kontrec/E+; AntonioGuillem/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Axel Bueckert/EyeEm; Dean Mitchell/E+; U1: martin-dm/E+; U2: Tony Anderson/The Image Bank; Vasily Pindyurin; Daria Botieva/EyeEm; Westend61; FatCamera/E+; bjones27/E+; U3: Shy Al Britanni/arabianEye; U4: gbh007/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Fuse/Corbis; Maica/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Science Photo Library/Science Photo Library; Stephen Simpson/Taxi; skynesher/E+; U5: Michael Marquand/Lonely Planet Images; MB Photography/Moment; Athit Perawongmetha/Moment; paul mansfield photography/Moment; Cavan Images; U6: Westend61; Cristina Cassinell/Photolibrary; MosayMay/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Kanawa_Studio/iStock/Getty Images Plus; TKphotography64/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Dave King/Dorling Kindersley; Lew Robertson/StockFood Creative; U8: monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U9:Witthaya Prasongsin/EyeEm; 26ISO/E+; BAVARIA/Taxi; Vito_Elefante/E+; pawel.gaul/E+; MediaProduction/E+;
Extension- U1: martin-dm/E+; U2: Tony Anderson/The Image Bank; Vasily Pindyurin; Daria Botieva/EyeEm; Westend61; FatCamera/E+; bjones27/E+; U3: Shy Al Britanni/arabianEye; gbh007/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U5: Alvaro Espinoza Fotografía/Moment; Posnov/Moment; ISSOUF SANOGO/AFP; tirc83/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Holly Guerrio/iStock/Getty Images Plus; HOANG DINH NAM/AFP; Ankorlight/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Vincent Munier/Nature Picture Library/Nature Picture Library; U6: Westend61; Cristina Cassinell/Photolibrary; MosayMay/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Kanawa_Studio/iStock/Getty Images Plus; TKphotography64/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Dave King/Dorling Kindersley.
Standard- SU: Larry Williams & Associates/The Image Bank; SensorSpot/E+; Kontrec/E+; AntonioGuillem/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Axel Bueckert/EyeEm; Dean Mitchell/E+; U1: martin-dm/E+; U2: Tony Anderson/The Image Bank; Vasily Pindyurin; Daria Botieva/EyeEm; Westend61; FatCamera/E+; bjones27/E+; U3: Shy Al Britanni/arabianEye; U4: fcafotodigital/iStock/Getty Images Plus; egal/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Maica/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Science Photo Library/Science Photo Library; Stephen Simpson/Taxi; Maartje van Caspel/E+; U5: Holly Guerrio/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Nick Brundle Photography/Moment; HOANG DINH NAM/AFP; Ankorlight/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U6: Westend61; Cristina Cassinell/Photolibrary; MosayMay/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Kanawa_Studio/iStock/Getty Images Plus; TKphotography64/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Dave King/Dorling Kindersley; Lew Robertson/StockFood Creative; Topic Images Inc./Topic Images; pepifoto/E+; U8: monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U9: Witthaya Prasongsin/EyeEm; 26ISO/E+; BAVARIA/Taxi; Vito_Elefante/E+; pawel.gaul/E+; MediaProduction/E+.
Video Worksheets/Videos
Everyday English
Photography
All photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
U1: David Crespo/Moment; fanjianhua/Moment; Dougal Waters/The Image Bank; Willie B. Thomas/DigitalVision; Rob Maynard/Moment; Alexander Spatari/Moment; Thomas Barwick/DigitalVision; MirageC/Moment; Auscape/Contributor/Universal Images Group; AGF/Universal Images Group; Eisenhut and Mayer Wien/Photolibrary; Chris Hackett; U2: Roberto Machado Noa/LightRocket; Michael Runkel/imageBROKER; Clare Mansell/Moment; Jupiterimages; Adam Hester/Blend Images; TongRo Images Inc/TongRo Images; smodj/Stock/Getty Images Plus; zimindmitry/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Bernard Jaubert/Canopy; MirasWonderland/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Inti St. Clair/Corbis; U3: Dave Shafer/Aurora; UniversalImagesGroup; Bruno Raffa/EyeEm; U4: Getty Images/Blend Images RM; David Clapp/The Image Bank; ferrantraite/E+; Jetta Productions/DigitalVision; Westend61; Tobias Titz; U5: Westend61; DarthArt/iStock Editorial/Getty Images Plus; Image Source/DigitalVision; Schon/Moment; Maximiliano Silveira/SoundExpress; Tobias Titz; andresr/E+; U6: Tom Sibley/Corbis; RyersonClark/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Elizabeth Fernandez/Moment; P. Broze/ONOKY; KlokDesign/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; Matt Champlin/Moment; U7: Alexander Spatari/Moment; View Pictures/Universal Images Group; lukeruk/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jake Tse/EyeEm; Pascal Rondeau/Getty Images Sport; Petar Mulaj/iStock/Getty Images Plus; qldian/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Leren Lu/DigitalVision; PeskyMonkey/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Flashpop/DigitalVision; tankist276/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Fgorgun/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Getty Images/Blend Images; U8: Matt Clayton/VIEW/Passage; Dave Shafer/Aurora; UniversalImagesGroupr/Universal Images Group; Tom Sibley/Corbis; Mike Kemp; boonchai wedmakawand/Moment; peepo/E+; MirageC/Moment; Pixland; U9: Westend61; Delpixart/iStock/Getty Images Plus; YUBO/Moment; zdravinjo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; ElOjoTorpe/Moment; Javier Fernández Sánchez/Moment; Stu Forster/Getty Images Sport.
Videos
All video clips are sourced from Getty Images.
U4: simonkr/Creatas Video; U9: Vision_Art/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus.
Audios
All audio clips are sourced from Getty Images.
U1: Maximiliano Silveira/SoundExpress; U2: Maximiliano Silveira/SoundExpress; U3: Maximiliano Silveira/SoundExpress; U4: Maximiliano Silveira/SoundExpress; U5: Maximiliano Silveira/SoundExpress; U6: Maximiliano Silveira/SoundExpress; U7: Maximiliano Silveira/SoundExpress; Serhii Kot/SoundExpress; U8: Maximiliano Silveira/SoundExpress; U9: Maximiliano Silveira/SoundExpress.
Video produced by Lucentum Digital.
Grammar Vlogs
Photography
All photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
US.1: gremlin/iStock/Getty Images Plus; felix/RooM; Steve Debenport/E+; Marc Romanelli/Blend Images; Image Source/Image Source; Hero Images; U1.2: Carol Yepes/Moment; Brian Niles/iStock; Rafa Fernndez/EyeEm; Laurent Hamels/PhotoAlto Agency RF Collections; nadia_bormotova/iStock; Daniel Grill/Tetra images; Caiaimage/Tom Merton/Caiaimage; farluk/E+; Hero Images; U1.3: BsWei/iStock; Maskot/Maskot; appleuzr/DigitalVision Vectors; Tanatat pongphibool ,thailand/Moment; WIN-Initiative/WIN-Initiative; Ek Arkaraprasertkul/EyeEm; Guido Mieth/Moment/Getty Images Plus; seksan Mongkhonkhamsao Moment; David Leahy/DigitalVision; Hero Images; Christopher Hope-Fitch/Moment; UpperCut Images; U2.2: Alex Robinson Photography/Moment; Carlos Alkmin/Moment; J.Castr/J.Castr; Eli K Hayasaka/Moment Open; Karol Kozlowsk/imageBROKER; Jon Hicks/Corbis Documentary; PeopleImages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; @ Mariano Sayno/husayno.com/Moment; Alison Gonzalez/EyeEm; JGI/Tom Grill; Barry Austin/DigitalVision; U2.3: mixetto/iStock/Getty Images Plus; FotoCuisinette/iStock/Getty Images Plus; CSA Images/CSA Images; turk_stock_photographer/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kanzefar/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U3.2: Brand X Pictures/Photodisc; Elizabeth Beard/Moment; cteconsulting/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jose A. Bernat Bacete/Moment; TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA/AFP; JannHuizenga/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U3.3: jopstock/Moment; Alex Bramwell/Moment; Image Source/Image Source; Westend61/Westend61; franckreporter/E+; U4.2: BURGER/Canopy; Atomic Imagery/Photodisc; Westend61; Lawrence Lucier/Stringer/Getty Images Entertainment; 1001nights/E+; Chris Ryan/Caiaimage; U4.3: rubberball; Justin Paget/The Image Bank/Getty Images Plus; Peter Muller/Cultura; Bloom Productions/DigitalVision; © by Martin Deja/Moment; MmeEmil/E+; U5.2: richcarey/iStock/Getty Images Plus; by wildestanimal/Moment; Bullet_Chained/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; danikancil/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Sohadiszno/iStock/Getty Images Plus; FingerMedium/DigitalVision Vectors; csfotoimages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; lana_lana/iStock Editorial/Getty Images Plus; U5.3: Sawbor Pathaw/EyeEm; Jean-Pierre Lescourret/Lonely Planet Images; Andrew TB Tan/Moment; Wayne Lowery/EyeEm; Tiina & Geir/Cultura; Leontura/DigitalVision Vectors; pijama61/DigitalVision Vectors; U6.2: gerenme/iStock/Getty Images Plus; jacoblund/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kelly bowden/Moment; Nathan ALLIARD/Photononstop; U6.3: Planet Observer/Universal Images Group; Dorling Kindersley: Charlotte Tolhurst/Dorling Kindersley; Avalon_Studio/E+; Dmitry-Lustin/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Burazin/Photographer's Choice; photo3idea/Creatas Video; maakenzi/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U7.2: Planet Observer/Universal Images Group; Dorling Kindersley; adventtr/E+; Vladmax/iStock/Getty Images Plus; MASSIVE/Stone; MsEli/DigitalVision Vectors; Hero Images; Image Source; YinYang/.E+; MsSponge/E+; U7.3: Katarína Mittáková/EyeEm; AlenPopov/E+; Pal Szilagyi Palko/EyeEm; Andersen Ross Photography Inc/DigitalVision; Rana Faure/Taxi/Getty Images Plus; Halfpoint/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; Irina_Strelnikova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; recep-bg/E+; DoctorEgg/Moment; John Foxx/Stockbyte; U8.2: Xavier Arnau/E+; Dalila Jocabed/EyeEm; Paul Burns/Photodisc; Phil Boorman/Cultura; Andy Sacks/Photographer's Choice; Richard Bailey/Corbis; Hero Images; PeopleImages/E+; ViewStock; Ron Levine/DigitalVision; U8.3: Encyclopaedia Britannica/UIG/Universal Images Group; Ascent Xmedia/The Image Bank; Paul Harris/AWL Images; BSIP/Universal Images Group; PeopleImage/E+; Niedring/Drentwett/MITO images; ferrantraite/E+; Zero Creatives/Cultura; Yagi Studio/DigitalVision; PhotoAlto/Sigrid Olsson; Gary John Norman/DigitalVision; U9.2: Heath Korvola/DigitalVision; Alicia Llop/Moment; VOISIN/Canopy; Andrea Comi/Moment; GlobalStock/E+; Nick Daly/Cultura; Henglein and Steets/Cultura; giddyuptimelapse/Vetta; Imgorthand/E+; Paul Bradbury/OJO Images; Klaus Vedfelt/DigitalVision; U9.3: ©Ricardo Barbieri/Moment; Antonio Salinas L/Moment; Gabriela Bianchini/EyeEm; Franz Aberham/The Image Bank; Christian Declercq/Moment.
Videos
All video clips are sourced from Getty Images.
U2.3: simonkr/Vetta; Kostyantyn_Skuridin/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; U6.3: Dmitry-Lustin/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; photo3idea/Creatas Video; U7.2: antadi1332/Creatas Video; U9.3: Otter Films/Image Bank Film; Fluorescent Films Ltd/Image Bank Film; Photo and Co/DigitalVision; captamotion/Creatas Video; pamspix/Creatas Video; Faithfulsho/Image Bank Film; simonkr/Creatas Video; Goldfaery/Creatas Video; Froomer Pictures Ltd/Image Bank Film: Signature.
Audios
All audio clips are sourced from Getty Images.
U4.2: Judson Lee Music/SoundExpress.
Video produced by Lucentum Digital.
Documentaries
Videos
All video clips are sourced from Getty Images.
U1.1: slavemotion/Creatas Video; Caiafilm/Vetta; Hinterhaus Productions/Image Bank Film; nickson5/Vetta; Kelvin Murray/Image Bank Film; RichVintage/Creatas Video; de Lossy/Corbis Video; Kelvin Murray/Image Bank Film; kickstand/Creatas Video; StockLapse/Moment Video RR; Tara Moore/Image Bank Film:Signature; hoozone/Creatas Video; felixmizioznikov/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Thomas Barwick/one80:Signature; NewsHour Productions-2010/10 MR ED/E/Getty Images Editorial Footage; ertekmali/Creatas Video; HeroImagesFootage/Creatas Video; fatihkeles/Creatas Video; Laurence Dutton/Vetta; Ascent Xmedia/one80; MediaProduction/Creatas Video; Sarah Faubus/Verve+; U1.5: Thomas Barwick/one80; Bill Bachmann/Image Bank Film; Corbis Video; ITN; NiseriN/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Malchev/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; cautionfilm/Vetta; Multi-bits/Image Bank Film; Bernt Ove Moss/Image Bank Film; Joseph Kelly/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; SimonSkafar/Vetta; Amphion Productions/Image Bank Film; grdenis/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; helivideo/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Miguel Fernández Sitges/Moment Video RR; franckreporter/Creatas Video; saskami/Creatas Video; Steve Debenport/Creatas Video; Steve Debenport/Vetta; HeroImagesFootage/Creatas Video; U2: MarkAndersen/PhotolibraryVideo; GeoffTompkinson/one80:Signature; MarcRomanelli/ImageBankFilm:Signature; gorodenkoff/CreatasVideo+/GettyImages Plus; Juan Carlos Munoz/Image Bank Film; hoozone/CreatasVideo; BlackLightFilms-LouieSchwartzberg/ImageBankFilm; Silezkiy/CreatasVideo+/GettyImagesPlus; JuanCarlosMunoz/ImageBankFilm; Witthaya/CreatasVideo; ICHIRO/ImageBankFilm; Skyworks/ImageBankFilm; Azemdega/CreatasVideo; Merlinus74/CreatasVideo+/GettyImagesPlus; onfilm/E+; AndreaPucci/Moment; DEA/G.DAGLIORTI/DeAgostini; VWPics/UniversalImagesGroup; DeAgostini/G.Cigolini; Videologia/CreatasVideo; BlendMotion/PhotolibraryVideo; VladGans/E+; ITN; Daedalum/CreatasVideo; FineArt/CorbisHistorical; johnwoodcock/DigitalVisionVectors; DEA/A.DAGLIORTI/DeAgostini; ChristianDauphin/ImageBankFilm; SkyNews/FilmImagePartner; Photographer/Moment; BlackLightFilms-LouieSchwartzberg/ImageBankFilm; U3.1: yucelyilmaz/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; simonkr/Creatas Video; nmlfd/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Mark Andersen/Photolibrary Video; mack2happy/Creatas Video; saskami/Creatas Video; Jorge Viamonte/Getty Images Editorial Footage; eyeidea/Creatas Video+; Yongyuan Dai/Image Bank Film; kinemero/Creatas Video; Krisfris/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Discovery FootageSource; Zachary Michael Boggs/Image Bank Film; Ewa Pieta/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; dmitriymoroz/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; The Lighthouse Film Co; Inc.; PeopleImages/Creatas Video; xijian/Creatas Video; Ismailciydem/Creatas Video; alatriste1/Creatas Video; OrlowskiDesigns/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; alatriste1/Creatas Video; SkyNews/FilmImagePartner; Photographer/Moment; BlackLightFilms-LouieSchwartzberg/ImageBankFilm; U3.5 MADDRAT/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; glowonconcept/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; mgkaya/Creatas Video; Hal Bergman/Image Bank Film; Rubberball/Verve+; jamesbenet/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Freeonestock/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; invizbk/Creatas Video; footagefactory/Image Bank Film; ReeldealHD Ltd/Verve+; vgajic/Creatas Video; RollingCamera/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Ashley Cooper/Corbis Video; Seabird/Image Bank Film; Mixmike/Creatas Video; Mattia Bicchi Photography/Moment Video RF; Grooters Productions/Verve; mattjeacock/Creatas Video; U4: BFI HD Collection/Archive Films:Creative; nmlfd/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; TheStacks/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; janulla/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; selimaksan/Creatas Video; gabriel_bostan/Creatas Video; Stusya/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; SolStock/Creatas Video; dani3315/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; dualstock/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; AidarZ/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; cipella/Creatas Video; wundervisuals/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; gawrav/Vetta; Wavebreakmedia/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Wayne Herron/Creatas Video; U5.1: synthetick/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Wavebreakmedia/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Gerard Lacz Images/Image Bank Film; Thewarit1976/Creatas Video; Toa55/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; guy113/Creatas Video; pigtar/Creatas Video; Scubazoo Images/Photolibrary Video; Codegrazer/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; cinoby/Creatas Video; John Downer Productions/Image Bank Film; jd_field/Creatas Video; WOWstockfootage/Iconica Video; Robert W Glusic/Corbis Video; twildlife/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; robertharding/Verve+; vichie81/Creatas Video; U5.5: Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Dave168/Creatas Video; Image Bank Film:Signature; BlackLight Films - Louie Schwartzberg/Image Bank Film; OmniReelLife/Verve+; Discovery FootageSource; Sky News/Film Image Partner; Allstar Picture Library/Photolibrary Video; HOPE PRODUCTIONS/Yann Arthus Bertrand/Getty Images; Deluxe Photo/Image Bank Film; danr13/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Footage from LDV Production/Moment Video RF; Ianm35/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Aerial Filmworks; William Livingston Productions Inc/Image Bank Film; James R.D. Scott/Moment; iPav/Creatas Video; U6: Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Image Bank Film:Signature; BlackLight Films - Louie Schwartzberg/Image Bank Film; Geoff Tompkinson/one80; Konstik/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Wishing Tree Productions/Image Bank Film:Signature; Curious Cumulus Productions/Archive Films:Creative; alvinburrows/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; hauthaler/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; apomares/Vetta; RobinBeckham/Creatas Video; Doodle Creative Inc./Image Bank Film:Signature; Science Photo Library/Image Bank Film; MarioProduction/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Time Image/Archive Films:Editorial; Onyx Media; Llc - Footage/Archive Films:Editorial; Joseph Kelly/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Paul J Lilley/Image Bank Film; Stock Footage; Inc./Verve+; simonkr/Creatas Video; Ariel Skelley/Image Bank Film:Signature; Hamster3d/Creatas Video; RichVintage/Creatas Video; ThanakonHD/Vetta; FatCamera/Vetta; U7.1: phaitoons/Creatas Video; benmoss/CreatasVideo; Faithfulshot/DigitalVision; ImagesBazaar/Photolibrary Video; Eastfootage/Image Bank Film; Lionel et Cyril Isy-Schwart/Image Bank Film; Multi-bits/Image Bank Film; Miguel Pereira/Image Bank Film; serdarcan/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Sorafilm/Image Bank Film; Simonkr/one80:Signature; gonin/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; mgost/Vetta; Blink Tv/one80; WireImage House/Getty Images Entertainment Video; Ming Yeung/Getty Images Entertainment Video; Getty Images Video/Getty Images Entertainment Video; U7.5: William Livingston Productions Inc./Image Bank Film; laughingmango/Creatas Video; RWP UK/one80: Signature; Bronek Kaminski/one80; Sky News/Film Image Partner; Bernt Ove Moss/Image Bank Film; GRN - Footage/Getty Images Editorial Footage; TANG CHHIN SOTHY/AFP/Getty Images; Simonkolton/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; TaManKunG/Creatas Video; Witthaya/Vetta; pressdigital/Creatas Video; Witthaya/Creatas Video; U8: thelngcompany/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Yellow Dog Productions Inc./Image Bank Film; Caiafilm; Portra Images; monkeybusinessimages/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; GeorgiaCourt/Vetta; Aldo Pavan/Image Bank Film; Geoff Tompkinson/Iconica Video; Wavebreakmedia/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Stusya/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Spencer_Whalen/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Van Riper/Image Bank Film: Signature; saskami/Creatas Video; ITN; Wehrwolf/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Tomekbudujedomek/Moment Video RR; MajaMitrovic/Creatas Video; visualrefinery/Creatas Video; motionxcom/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; TomekD76/Creatas Video; The Lighthouse Film Co, Inc; David Leahy Ltd/Image Bank Film: Signature; U9.1: simonkr/Creatas Video; Stroke_Footage/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Multi-bits/Image Bank Film; simonkr/Vetta; X1 Content/Image Bank Film; The Lighthouse Film Co, Inc.; Ruben Sanchez @lostintv/Moment Video RF; yucelyilmaz/Vetta; keybal/Creatas Video; Babak Tafreshi/Moment Video RF; NASA - Footage/Archive Films: Editorial; fStop/DigitalVision; Photitos2016/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; selincevizli/Creatas Video; 3DSculptor/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; raspirator/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; A&E Television Networks/Image Bank Film; danku/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; multifocus/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; U9.5: benlynn/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; William Livingston Productions Inc./Image Bank Film; Multi-bits/Image Bank Film; ActiveDesignStudio/Creatas Video; Ilya Terentyev/Creatas Video; Robert Harding Video/Photolibrary Video; carpinxo/Creatas Video; piola666/Creatas Video; Rudy Maxa's World/Image Bank Film; ImagesBazaar/Verve+; Pressmaster/DigitalVision; C R Laing/Image Bank Film; uberstock/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; lewkmiller/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; sylwiab/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; The Lighthouse Film Co, Inc.; Eternity In An Instant/Image Bank Film: Signature; RobinBeckham/Creatas Video; gabriel__bostan/Creatas Video; stock-eye/Creatas Video; motionxcom/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus.
Photography
The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
U1.5: P A Thompson/Photolibrary; Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images for WE Day; Peter Dazeley/Photographer's Choice; U2: Philippe Lissac/Corbis Documentary; Ed Freeman/StoneAndrea; Pucci/MomentIAISI/MomentFine Art Images; Heritage Images/Getty Images De Agostini; G. Cigolini Tony Cordoza/Photographer's Choice; ikuvshinov/iStock/Getty Images Plus; by Andrea Pucci/Moment; DEA/G. DAGLI ORTI/De Agostini; U3.1: Image Source; calvindexter/DigitalVision Vectors; saenal78/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U3.5: yayayoyo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Alexey_M/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U5.5: hypotekyfidler/iStock/Getty Images Plus; ALFREDO ESTRELLA/AFP/Getty Images; TheModernCanvas/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U6: Mischa Keijser/Cultura; Vectorpower/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Big_Ryan/DigitalVision Vectors; Antje Katja Grimm; julos/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Dorling Kindersley; A-G-N-I/DigitalVision Vectors; CandO_Designs/DigitalVision Vectors; Heritage Images/Hulton Archive; U7.1: Andrew Chin/Getty Images Entertainment; Beata Aldridge/EyeEm; U7.5: PORNCHAI KITTIWONGSAKUL/AFP/Getty Images; U8.1: Bychykhin_Olexandr/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Chris Laurens/VisitBritain; Jeffrey Coolidge/The Image Bank.
The following photograph is sourced from another library.
U1.5: ©Blair Brettschneider.
Audios
All audio clips are sourced from Getty Images.
U1.1: Mykola Odnorog/Sound Express; Oleksandr Seletskyy/Sound Express; U1.5: Klimentij Skripnikov/Sound Express; Claudia Obländer/Sound Express; Svetlana Sklyarova/Sound Express; U2.1: Deep Blue Music/Sound Express; OWAIN PHYFE AND THE NEW WORLD RENAISSANCE BAND/Sound Express; U3.1: Martin Riley/Sound Express; Francesco Biondi/Sound Express; Cuttlefish Music/Sound Express; U3.5: Hakan Eriksson/Sound Express; softpiano/Sound Express; U4:Shayan Mirza/Sound Express; Larry Bryant/Sound Express; Francesco Biondi/Sound Express; U5.1: Ladislav Weyrostek/Sound Express; Geoff Harvey/Sound Express; Pawel Spychala/Sound Express; RFM/Sound Express; U5.5: Serhii Kot/Sound Express; Nick Kail/Sound Express; Stephan Hermannsdörfer/Sound Express; U6: Noppadon Imocha/Sound Express; Francesco Biondi/Sound Express; Rand Bowman/Sound Effects by Getty Images; Ladislav Weyrostek/Sound Express; U7.1: Aymen Khalifa/Sound Express; piccadillyCircus/Sound Express; Andreas Furxer/Sound Express; U7.5: piccadillyCircus/Sound Express; audioundwerbung/Sound Express; U8: Klimentij Skripnikov/Sound Express; Sujay Govindaraj/Sound Express; Scott Gordon/Sound Express; piccadillyCircus/Sound Express; U9.1: Dmitriy Shironosov/Sound Express; Alex Koltsov/Sound Express; Geoff Harvey/Sound Express; U9.5: Andrea Bellina/Sound Express; Vytenis Misevicius/Sound Express.
Video produced by Lucentum Digital.
Illustrations
Antonio Cuesta
Audio Produced by Creative Listening
Typeset by QBS Learning
Authoring
Vicki Anderson, Daniel Brint, Simon Cupit, Debbie Owen and Ingrid Wisniewska
Freelance editorial work
Inés Avello, Charlotte Johnson and Flavia Lamborghini